or on the ground. Sclerotia germinate at temperatures between 4 and 26 °C with an optimum between 13 and 15 °C. Germination and infection mostly take…
often germinate directly and the germ tubes infect the plants either through the stomata or directly by penetrating the cuticula. For germination free…
stomata. Secondary infection is either by germinating sporangia or by zoospores produced in the sporangia. For germination on above-ground plant…
) need moisture (dew, rain, irrigation water) and nutrients for germination. Germination also happens at very high relative humidity (RH > 93%) on dry…
Ascospores of F. graminearum / G. zeae germinate between 4-35°C, with an optimum between 25-28°C. Germination only occurs at RH above 80%. Warm…
especially dehydration. Germination of the oospores is stimulated by exudates from roots of a susceptible host nearby. The oospores germinate and form…
across the surface and infect adjacent stomata. Both types of spores can germinate within two or three hours under humid conditions, but infection…
the outside of the seed coat and cause primary infection. The conidia germinate and infect through the stomata or directly through the cuticle. On the
development Humic and fulvic acids, vital components of humus, improve seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass development of roots and shoots.…
attach to the insect's cuticle (outer covering). Once attached, the spores germinate, penetrate the cuticle, and colonize the insect's body. Internal…
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