peach aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is…
Hemiptera Bugs What are bugs? Heteropteran bugs form a group in the order Hemiptera , a highly diverse group of insects, containing both harmful and…
from its egg, so that its mines join to form small plates. In various other crops one finds intermediate forms of tunnelling between these ‘plate…
, soft scales (family Coccidae) and armoured scales (family Diaspididae) form three important families within the superfamily Coccoidea. This…
link included in any of the newsletters. Contact forms You can contact us directly through the contact forms on our website. We ask you to provide the…
is the largest of all insect orders and displays an enormous variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or…
complete compounds The degree of plant resilience is linked to its ability to form structurally complete compounds, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and…
the stomata or directly through the cuticle. On the lesions, pycnidia are formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded.…
scale insects, they belong to the division Sternorrhyncha. The whiteflies form the family Aleyrodidae. The most common species are the greenhouse…
for the plants Ensure there is adequate soil drainage Apply nitrogen in the form of nitrate instead of ammonium Prevent damage during harvest and…
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