the side roots are formed or through other similarly damaged spots. On the infected plant, new sporangia with zoospores are formed, that allow the…
content over a prolonged period of time. The sclerotia germinate directly and form mycelium or produce apothecia (fruiting bodies) containing…
Tobacco aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. When reproduction is…
male nymph forms a dark brown ‘prepupa’ from which a pupa rapidly develops, inside a white cottony cocoon. Females undergo little changes in form,…
Under humid conditions, bacteria ooze from the lesions on the leaves and form a secondary source of infection. They are dispersed by rain, irrigation…
pairs of prolegs; one pair of prolegs protrudes from the posterior end, forming a distinctive 'V' shape. Throughout their development, larvae remain…
third nymphal instar onwards are covered with a white waxy material in the form of powder, threads, spiky projections or platelets. Eggs are laid in a…
mycelium cells which are resistant to desiccation) or mycelium. Zoospores are formed from the overwintering structures which infect the host.…
Hemiptera Aphids What are aphids? Aphids form a single, very large group of insects: the super- family Aphidoidea, belonging to the order Hemiptera .…
Cotton aphid Aphids have a complex life cycle, with both winged and wingless forms of adults and a great variety in colour. In greenhouses…
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